EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS AND SURVIVAL OF CENOPALPUS IRANI DOSSE (TENUIPALPIDAE)

About authors:

Bazgir F., Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran
Jafari S., Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran
Shakarami J., Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran
Bahirae F., Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, P.O. Box: 465, Khorramabad, Iran

Annotation:

Cenopalpus irani (Tenuipalpidae) is one of the main pests of apple trees in the Western regions of Iran. We studied the effect of six constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 32 and 33.5°C on the reproductive parameters, life expectancy and the mortality rate of C. irani immature stages at 50 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16:8 (light : dark) h fed on apple leaves. The highest and lowest gross fecundity rate were observed at 30 oC (34.60 eggs/female) and 15oC (18.50 eggs/female), respectively. The maximum gross fertility rate was 32.87 (eggs/female) at 30oC, whereas the minimum value was 9.94
eggs/female which obtained at 15oC. As increasing temperature from 15°C to 30°C, the gross hatching rate increased and then decreased at 33.5°C. The highest and lowest life expectancy (ex) were obtained at 83 and 27th days, at 15°C and 33.5°C, respectively. Also, the highest and lowest values of mortality percentage for immature stages of C. irani were recorded at 15oC and 30oC, respectively. As increasing temperature the reproductive value (Vx) increased from 15°C (5.95 females/female) to 30°C (9.27 females/female), then decreased at 33.5°C (5.61 females/female). The finding of this research can be used for establishing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies against C. irani in apple orchards.

Bibliography:

Ahmadi, M., Fathipour, Y., Kamali, K., Talebi, A.A.,
and Moharamipour, S. 2004. Life table and repro-
duction parameters of Tetranychus urticae on dif-
ferent bean crops. 16th Iranian Plant Protection
Congress, Tabriz, Iran), Program and Abstracts.
Iran, p. 275.

Andrewartha, H.G. 1952. Diapause in relation to the
ecology of insects. Biological Reviews, 27: 50–
107.

Bazgir, F., Jafari, S. and Shakarami, J. 2015. Influence
of temperature on life table parameters of Iranian
false spider mite, Cenopalpus irani Dosse (Tenui-
palpidae) on apple leaves. International Journal
of Acarology, 41 (1): 1–9.

Bonato, O. 1999. The effect of temperature on life his-
tory parameters of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tet-
ranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarolo-
gy, 23: 11–19.

Carey, J.R. 1993. Applied Demography for Biologists
with Special Emphasis on Insects. Oxford Univer-
sity Press, New York. pp. 211.

Carey, J.R. 2001. Insect Biodemography. Annual Re-
view of Entomology, 46: 79–110.

Caswell, H. 1989. Matrix Population Models: Con-
struction, Analysis, and Interpretation. Sinauer
Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Daneshnia, N., Akrami, A. and Aleosfoor, M. 2013.
Life table parameters of fig mite, Eotetranychus
hirsti (Acari: Tetranychidae) under laboratory
conditions. Persian Journal of Acarology, 2: 277–
286.

Danks, H.V. 1994. Diversity and integration of life-cy-
cle controls in insects. In: H.V. Danks (ed.). Insect
Life-Cycle Polymorphism: Theory, Evolution and
Ecological Consequences for Seasonality and
Diapause Control. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrechrt, pp. 5–40.

Darbemamieh, M., Kamali, K. and Fathipour, Y. 2009.
Bionomics of Cenopalpus irani, Bryobia rubrioc-
ulus and their egg predator Zetzellia mali (Acari:
Tenuipalpidae, Tetranychidae, Stigmaeidae) in
natural conditions. Munis Entomology and Zoolo-
gy Journal, 4: 378–391.

Dosse, G. 1971. Die Familie Tenuipalpidae in Iran (Ac-
ari). Pflanzkenkrankherten und Pflanzenschutz,
78: 577–585.

Gotoh, T. and Nagata, T. 2001. Development and repro-
duction of Oligonychus coffeae (Acari: Tetrany-
chidae) on tea. International Journal of Acarolo-
gy, 27: 293–298.

Honarparvar, N., Khanjani, M., Talebi, A.A., and
Forghani, S.H.R. 2014. Temperature-dependent
demographic parameters of Bryobia rubrioculus
(Acari: Tetranychidae) on sweet cherry. Acarina,
22 (1): 52–60.

Jafari, S., Rahmati, M. and Bahirae, F. 2014. Spatial
and temporal distribution of Eotetranychus frosti
and Cenopalpus irani and their predator Typhlo-
dromus bagdasarjani in an unsprayed apple or-
chard at Khorramabad, Western Iran. Persian
Journal of Acarology, 3: 51–61.

Kamali, K. 1989. Apart of plant mites fauna of
Khouzestan. Scientific Journal of Agriculture, 13:
73–83.

Kamali, K., Ostovan, H. and Atamehr, A. 2001. A cata-
log of mites and ticks (Acari) of Iran. Central Teh-
ran: Islamic Azad University Science Publication,
p. 192.

Kasap, İ. 2004. Effect of apple cultivar and of tempera-
ture on the biology and life table parameters of the
two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae. Phy-
toparasitica, 32: 73–82.

Kennedy, J.S., Van Imp, G., Hance, T.H., and Lebrun,
P.H. 1996. Demecology of the false spider mite,
Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geiiskes) (Acari, Tenui-
palpidae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 120:
493–499.

Khanamani, M., Fathipour, Y., Hajiqanbar, H., and Se-
daratian, A. 2012. Reproductive performance and
life expectancy of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tet-
ranychidae) on seven eggplant cultivars. Journal
of Crop Protection, 1 (1): 57–66.

Khanjani, M., Farzan, S., Asadi, M., and Khanjani, M.
2013. Checklist of the flat mites (Acari: Trombidi-
formes: Tenuipalpidae) of Iran. Persian Journal of
Acarology, 2: 235–251.

Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M., Saboori, A., and Seeman,
O.D. 2012. The false spider mites of the genus
Cenopalpus Pritchard and Baker (Acari: Tenuipal-
pidae) from Iran. Zootaxa, 3433: 1–59.

Maia, A., Luiz, A.J.B. and Campanhola, C. 2000. Sta-
tistical inference on associated fertility life table
parameters using Jackknife technique: computa-
tional aspects. Journal of Economic Entomology,
93: 511–518.

Meyer, J.S., Ingersoll, C.C., McDonald, L.L., and
Boyce, M.S. 1986. Estimating rates: Jackknife vs.
bootstrap techniques. Ecology, 67: 1156–1166.

Naseri, B., Fathipour, Y., Moharramipour, S., and Hos-
seininaveh, V. 2011. Comparative reproductive
performance of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) reared on thirteen soy-
bean varieties. Journal of Agricultural Science
and Technology, 13: 17–26.

Rashki, M., Saboori, A., Nowzari, J., and Bagheri Ze-
nouz, E. 2004. Biology of Cenopalpus irani Dosse
(Acari: Tenuipalpidae) in Mahdasht region of
Karaj, Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 9:
23–25.

SAS Institute. 2003. Qualification Tools User Guide,
Version 9.1. Cary, North Carolina 27513, USA.
Sohrabi, F. and Shishehbor, P. 2008. Effects of host
plant and temperature on growth and reproduction
of the strawberry spider mite Tetranychus turkes-
tani Ugarov and Nikolski (Acari: Tetranychidae).
Systematic and Applied Acarology, 13: 26–32.

Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A. and Masaki, S. 1986. Sea-
sonal adaptations of insects. New York, Oxford
University Press, 411 p.

Ullah, M.S., Haque, M.A., Nachman, G., and Gotoh, T.
2012. Temperature-dependent development and
reproductive traits of Tetranychus macfarlanei
(Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied
Acarology, 56: 327–344.

Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Kanehisa, D., Stark, J.D.,
and Nishida, T. 2000. Comparative Demography
of Three Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephriti-
dae) at Alternating Temperatures. Annals of the
Entomological Society of America, 93 (1): 75–81.

Vargas, R.I., Walsh, W.A., Kanehisa, D.T., Jang E.B.,
and Armstrong. J.W. 1997. Demography of four
Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared
at five constant temperatures. Annals of the Ento-
mological Society of America, 90: 162–168.

Zahiri, B., Fathipour, Y., Khanjani, M., Moharrami-
pour, S., and Zalucki, M.P. 2010. Modeling demo-
graphic response to constant temperature in Hy-
pera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal
of Economic Entomology, 103 (2): 292–301.