Naina Ivanovna Kudryashova was one of very few researchers who devoted herself entirely to the taxonomy of chigger mites (Trombiculidae). Her works constitute a significant contribution to the above subfield of acarology, making her biography of a worldwide interest. Naina Ivanovna was born in Maykop (Russia). Her father, Ivan Konstantinovich Kudryashov (1902–1963), was a cavalryman of the Red Army and a participant of World War II. Her mother, Klavdia Ivanovna Kudryashova (1907–1994), came from a family of Don Cossacks. The Kudryashovs family constantly moved, following the official appointments of the father; thus, Naina Ivanovna finished high school in Tomilino (Moscovskaya Oblast), where she then lived for the rest of her life. After graduating high school with honors, she began her studies at the Biology and Soil Sciences Department of Moscow State University, where she specialized in zoology and studied voles. However, Dr. Kurdyashova began her real scientific career in the sphere of epidemiology of transmissive diseases. Namely, after graduating the University in 1952, Dr. Kudryashova began working at the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, and subsequently at the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Moscow). During the 1960s, she participated in the expeditions to the Caucasus and the Crimean Peninsula, Transcaucasia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai). While researching severe transmissive diseases and examining rodents and their ectoparasites in the field, she encountered chigger mites—an abundant and diverse group of temporary parasites. These mites became the subject of Dr. Kudryashova’s PhD thesis titled Some Aspects of the Ecology and the Medical Importance of Chigger Mites, which she defended in 1965.

Chiggers are parasitic larvae of trombiculid mites—one of the largest groups of Acarina, which currently includes more than 3,000 species described mostly from the larval stage. They have long been known as annoying parasites of humans in different regions of the world. In addition, they are specific vectors of the scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi fever), a severe disease distributed throughout the vast territories of South, Southeast and East Asia (including the Primorsky Krai of Russia), Australia, and Oceania. As Dr. Kudryashova noted in her works on the epidemiology of scrub typhus, each sample of chiggers collected from one host animal can include several species of these mites, which cannot be identified without special preparation. Therefore, the question arises: which of them are possible vectors of the disease and which are innocuous to humans? This question led her into the sphere of chigger taxonomy, which became her specialty in later years.

Her debut in the above area was a description (in 1965) of two new species collected in Transcaucasia (Georgia and Armenia). In 1971, Dr. Kudryashova received a position of senior researcher at the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (ZMMU), where she devoted herself entirely to the study of chigger taxonomy. We should note the difficulties connected with conducting such work in the USSR at that time. Although Dr. Kudryashova received some paratypes or voucher specimens from her foreign colleagues (namely, M. Daniel, F. Dusbábek, M. Nadchatram, R. Traub, M. Sasa and P. H. Vercammen-Grandjean), the examination of the types in foreign museums was not possible. Finding and copying the necessary literature was also a hard task in pre-digital era. The personal archive of Naina Ivanovna examined by us included many photographs (mainly small and blurry) of journal articles, which she apparently made in libraries with her film camera. We also found many hand-written translations of taxonomic papers accompanied by precise handmade copies of illustrations prepared with the use of transparent paper.

A pioneer of the chigger taxonomic studies in the USSR (and Vietnam) was E. G. Schluger (Gamaleya Research Institute), who was inspired by a famous Soviet parasitologist E. N. Pavlovsky. Her taxonomic publications spanned from 1947 to 1977 and included new records and descriptions of many new species. Unfortunately, Schluger hid her materials from the scientific community; since 1964, her collection was stored at home. Only after Schluger’s passing, in 1988, her daughter I. S. Vasilieva donated the collection to ZMMU. Thus, Dr. Kudryashova had to base her taxonomic work mainly on new materials, without the possibility to see the types, even of many species that were described from the Soviet Union.

Kudryashova’s field research at ZMMU included many expeditions to Mongolia, Middle Asia and European Russia, which resulted in the discovery of many new species. Among numerous collections received from more than 40 colleagues, the materials collected from different provinces of Iran in 1969–1970 occupy a special place in Kudryashova’s career. These materials—collected by V. M. Neronov (Gamaleya Research Institute) and A. Farang-Azad (Institute of Public Health Research, Tehran, Iran)—were found to contain an almost unknown fauna of chiggers and resulted in the descriptions of tens of new species, published between 1972 and 1978.

Besides her research work, Dr. Kudryashova was the curator of the ZMMU Acarina collection (which included ixodid ticks), and in 1976–1981, she was the acting head of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology. She was also an unofficial supervisor of S. M. Abou-Taka, an Egyptian PhD student, who took one of her courses at Moscow State University in the 1980s and later became a successful acarologist. One of the authors (AAS) regards Dr. Kudryashova his teacher who provided the initial recommendations necessary to navigate the field of chigger taxonomy. She also facilitated extensive loans and donations of specimens, which helped AAS begin his studies at the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

A hot water pipe accident at ZMMU, which happened in the late 1980s, caused a serious damage to both of the chigger mite collection and the accompanying paper documents. Numerous handdrawn maps, which should have become a part of Kudryashova’s Doctor of Science degree thesis, were destroyed. Due to this, she decided to stop the preparation of her thesis. However, Dr. Kudryashova later used all preparatory materials in her publications.

ZMMU reserved Dr. Kudryashova’s workplace after her retirement in 1995. Since then, Dr. Kudryashova made an indispensable contribution to science in the form of her 1998 monograph Chigger Mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of East Palaearctics, where she summarized the contemporary taxonomic data on 246 chigger species (12 of which were described as new) known from the territory of the former USSR and the adjacent Mongolia and Iran. This well illustrated book allows exact identification of chigger mites distributed across a significant part of Eurasia. The monograph also features a large preface that contains an introduction to chigger morphology, a review of general classification, comments on the evolution and zoogeography, and extensive original observations on the ecology of chiggers. This preface was one of the sources used to compile two articles on the classification and the evolution of host-parasite relations in trombiculids published in 2006 and 2008 in collaboration with A. B. Shatrov.

An ungrateful, but highly important part of Dr. Kudryashova’s work was the revision of Schluger’s collection deposited at ZMMU, which included the establishment of the type series and the designation of lectotypes. The results of these efforts were partly included in the above monograph. In 2004, Dr. Kudryashova published the complete catalogue of chigger types deposited at ZMMU. Her last publication was the monograph on the chigger mites of Mongolia published in 2011, in collaboration with A. A. Lushchekina. This work summarized data on 17 species (including two new ones), as well as provided identification keys, morphological descriptions and maps of species distribution.

Over the decades of her scientific activity, Dr. Kudryashova has acquired an exceptional experience in chigger taxonomy that allowed her to recognize even the tiniest morphological differences between chigger samples. These skills are reflected in the descriptions of many species and subspecies. Although she had no possibilities to revise genera at world level, she compiled diagnoses and estimated the distribution and the number of species for chiggers occurring in northern Eurasia. Among her attempts to describe genera Eutonella Kudryashova, 1988, Montivagum Kudryashova, 1988, Aboriginesia Kudryashova, 1993, Extraschoengastia Kudryashova, 1998, and Montacarus Kudryashova, 1998, Eutonella is especially noteworthy. The name Eutonella was later replaced with Kepkatrombicula Kudryashova and Stekolnikov, 2010, due to a homonymy. However, this genus, separated from Neotrombicula Hirst, 1925, seems well established and natural.

Naina Ivanovna was a quiet individual, always amiable in communication with colleagues. However, she had a strong spirit that could have been hard to notice at first sight. This spirit enabled her to successfully achieve the scientific goals she set out for herself, in spite of numerous obstacles.

Dr. Kudryashova passed away on March 8th, 2020 at the age of 90. She was married to her Moscow University classmate, Yury Dmitrievich Chugunov (1928–2012), a zoologist and the first director of the Far East Marine Reserve. Their son, Andrei Yurievich Chugunov (1952–2022) was a radiophysicist. Their daughter, Tatiana Yurievna Chugunova (born in 1954) worked in the field of zoology, following her parents.

A. A. Stekolnikov¹
K. G. Mikhailov²

N. I. Kudryashova’s Bibliography

Kudryashova, N. I. 1965a. New trombiculid species of the genera Neotrombicula Hirst, 1925, and Heaslipia Ewing, 1944 (Acariformes, Trombiculidae). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 44: 133–135. [In Russian] Kudryashova, N. I. 1965b. Some questions of ecology and medical significance of chigger mites. Autoreferat of Candidate of Science thesis. Moscow, 13 pp. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1966. Geographic distribution and abundance of some species of chigger mites in the USSR. In: First Acarological Meeting. Abstracts. Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, pp. 115–116. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1967. Data on fauna and ecology of trombiculids of Caucasus. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 36: 726–730. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1970. Chigger mites and natural foci of the tsutsugamushi fever in Tajikistan. In: Second Acarological Meeting. Abstracts. Part 1. Kyiv, pp. 265–267. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1971. Chigger mites of Middle Asia. In: Third International Congress of Acarology. Abstracts. Prague, p. 115. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1972a. Chigger mites and natural foci of the tsutsugamushi fever in Tajikistan. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 41: 287–290.

Kudryashova, N. I. 1972b. Chigger mites (family Trombiculidae). In: Rukovodstvo po Bor’be s Nasekomymi i Kleshchami—Perenostchikami Vozbuditelej Boleznej Cheloveka [Guide to the Control of Insects, Ticks and Mites—Vectors of Pathogens of Human Diseases]. Meditsina, Moscow, pp. 182–190. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1972c. Laboratory cultivation of chigger mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae). Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 41: 40–44. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1973. Chiggers of Tajikistan. Vestnik Moscovskogo Universiteta, Biologia, Pochvovedenie, 28: 3–9. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1975. New species of chiggers (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from bats in Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 54: 1562–1565. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1976a. Chiggers of the Leptotrombidium genus (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Iran. Vestnik Zoologii, 6: 33–41. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1976b. New species of chiggers from the subfamily Gahrliepiinae (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) in Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 55: 1100–1102. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1976c. New species of chiggers of the genus Eltonella (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 55: 299–304. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1976d. New species of the genus Schoutedenichia (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Iran. Parazitologiya, 10: 274–279. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1977a. Chigger mites of gerbils in USSR. In: V. E. Sokolov (Ed.), Ecologiya i Meditsinskoe Znachenie Pestchanok Fauny SSSR [Ecology and Medical Significance of Gerbils of the USSR Fauna]. Izdatel’stvo AN SSSR, Moscow, pp. 224–226. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1977b. New species of the genus Neotrombicula (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Iran. Bulleten’ Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskiy [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series], 82: 46–59. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1978. Revision of the genus Miyatrombicula (Trombiculidae) from the fauna of the USSR. Parazitologiya, 12: 154–166. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1979a. The contemporary state of study of trombiculid mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of the USSR fauna. Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki. Zooparazitologiya, 5: 5–112.

Kudryashova, N. I. 1979b. New species and new findings of chiggers of the genus Leptotrombidium in Tadjikistan (Trombiculidae). Parazitologiya, 13: 488–496. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1979c. Peculiarities of the geographic distribution of chigger mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of the USSR fauna. In: 7 Vsesoyuznaya Zoogeograficheskaya Konferentsiya. Tezisy Dokladov [7th All-Union Zoogeographical Conference. Abstracts]. Moscow, pp. 36–38. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1983. Revision of the genus Blankaartia (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of the USSR fauna. In: Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya MGU, Vol. 20. Izdatel’stvo MGU, Moscow, pp. 144–165. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1984a. Chigger mites (Trombiculidae) of Vertebrates of Mongolia. In: Prirodnye Usloviya i Resursy Nekotorykh Rayonov MNR. Tezisy Dokladov [Natural Conditions and Resources of Some Areas of Mongolia. Abstracts]. Bratislava, pp. 160–161. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1984b. A new species of chigger from the genus Leptotrombidium from Mongolia. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 63: 288–291. [In Russian] Kudryashova, N. I. 1984c. To the problem of validity and synonymy of Hirsutiella zachvatkini (Schluger, 1948) (Trombiculidae). Folia Parasitologica, 31:265–268.

Kudryashova, N. I. 1987. Chigger mites (fam. Trombiculidae). In: Nasekomye i Kleshchi Dal’nego Vostoka, Imeyushchie Medico-Veterinarnoe Znachenie [Insects, Ticks and Mites of the Far East Having Medical and Veterinary Importance]. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 286–297. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1988a. Revision of the genus Leptotrombidium (Trombiculidae) from the fauna of the USSR. Isolation of a new genus Montivagum gen. n. Parazitologiya, 22: 58–70. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1988b. To the revision of the genus Neotrombicula (Trombiculidae) in the fauna of the USSR, the separation of Eutonella gen. n. Bulleten’ Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskiy [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series], 93: 54–66.

Kudryashova, N. I. 1990. Revision of the genus Multisetosa (Trombiculidae: Leeuwenhoekiinae). Bulleten’ Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskiy [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series], 95: 55–70. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1991. Revision of the genus Oudemansidium stat. n. (Acariformes: Trombiculidae). Parazitologiya, 25, 305–315. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1992. Notes on the genus Willmannium n. stat. with the description of new species and sampling localities. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 71: 33–46. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1993a. New species of the chigger mite genus Neotrombicula (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Middle Asia and Mongolia. Acarina, 1: 3–25.

Kudryashova, N. I. 1993b. To the revision of the genus Neotrombicula (Acariformes: Trombiculidae). Autumnalis Group. Parazitologiya, 27: 216–226. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1993c. To the revision of the genus Hoffmannina: separation of Aboriginesia gen. n. (Acariformes, Trombiculidae). Bulleten’ Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskiy [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series], 98: 51–65. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1994. Revision of the subgenus Odontacarus (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of the Palearctic. Acarina, 2: 3–46.

Kudryashova, N. I. 1995. A new species of Matacarus (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Crimea. Parazitologiya, 29: 55–57. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 1998. Chigger Mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of East Palearctics. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 342 pp. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. 2004. Types of chigger mites (Trombiculidae) in the Zoological Museum of Moscow University. Zoologicheskie Issledovania, 7: 1–57. [In Russian and English]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Abou-Taka, S. M. 1986. Revision of Ericotrombidium (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) of the USSR fauna. In: Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya MGU. Vol 24. Izdatel’stvo MGU, Moscow, pp. 96–125. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Abou-Taka, S. M. 1987. New species and findings of mites of the genus Neotrombicula (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Tajikistan. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 66: 619–624. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Farang-Azad, A. 1976. A new species of the genus Miyatrombicula (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 55: 926–927. [In Russian]

Kudryaschova, N.I., Gopachenko, I. M., Panova, V. V., Jakovlev, E. P., Usachev, G. P. and Neronov, V. M. 1972. Some questions of ecology of chigger mites in the natural foci of tsutsugamushi fever in USSR. In: XIII International Entomological Congress, Moscow, 2–9 August 1968. Proceedings. Vol. 3. Nauka, Leningrad, p. 192. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Lushchekina, A. A. 2011. Chigger Mites (Trombiculidae) of Small Mammals in Mongolia. University Publishing and KMK Scientific Press Ltd., Moscow, 80 pp. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Mirolyubova, L. V., Tarasevich, I. V., Plotnikova, L. F. and Egorova, A. L. 1968. Natural infection of chigger mites with tsutsugamushi rickettsiae in Primorsky Krai. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 37: 302–305. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Neronov, V. M. and FarangAzad, A. 1973a. Chigger mites of the genus Neotrombicula (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 52: 130–136. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Neronov, V. M. and FarangAzad, A. 1973b. A new species and new records of chigger mites of the genus Helenicula (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 52: 1725–1728. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Neronov, V. M. and FarangAzad, A. 1976. Chigger mites of the family Leeuwenhoekiidae Womersley, 1945 (Acariformes) from Iran. Bulleten’ Moskovskogo Obschestva Ispytatelei Prirody, Otdel Biologicheskiy [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists, Biological Series], 81: 55–65. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Neronov, V. M. and Farang-Azad, A. 1978. Mites of the family Trombiculidae (Acariformes) from small mammals from Iran. In: Sbornik Trudov Zoologicheskogo Muzeya MGU. Vol. 16. Izdatel’stvo MGU, Moscow, pp. 92–180. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Neronov, V. M. and Gunin, P. D. 1986. Chigger mites (Trombiculidae) of small mammals of Mongolia and characters of their distribution. In: Zoogeograficheskoe Rayonirovanie MNR [Zoogeographical Zoning of Mongolia]. Moscow, pp. 192–201.

Kudryashova, N. I., Neronov, V. M. and Mobedi, I. 1972. New species of the genus Otorhinophila (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Iran. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 51: 1077–1081. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Rybin, S. N. 1974. New species of chigger mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae) from Kirghizia. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 53: 633–639. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Rybin, S. N. 1983. A new species of chiggers (Trombiculidae) from bats of Kirghizia. Parazitologiya, 17: 489–492. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Shatrov, A. B. 1981. A new species of the genus Ascoschoengastia (Acariformes: Trombiculidae). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 60: 1580–1581. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Stekolnikov, A. A. 2010. Kepkatrombicula nom. n., a new name for the chigger mite genus Eutonella Kudryashova, 1998 (Acari: Trombiculidae), with notes on its systematics. Acarina, 18: 79–80.

Kudryashova, N. I. and Tarasevich, I. V. 1964. Red mites in a natural focus of tsutsugamushi fever in the Southern Primorye territory. Meditsinskaya Parazitologiya i Parazitarnye Bolezni, 33: 718–721. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I. and Tarasevich, I. V. 1966. Chigger mites—vectors of tsutsugamushi. In: First Acarological Meeting. Abstracts. Nauka, Moscow, Leningrad, p. 116. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Tarasevich, I. V. and Gopachenko, I. M. 1967. Landscape-zoological characteristics of the natural focus of tsutsugamushi fever in Southern Primorye. Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 46: 432–434. [In Russian]

Kudryashova, N. I., Tarasevich, I. V. and Plotnikova, L. F. 1967. To the methodic of study of the natural infection of chigger mites with tsutsugamushi rickettsia. Parazitologiya, 1: 339–341. [In Russian] Bobrovskiy, V. N. and Kudryashova, N. I. 1966. To the fauna and ecology of chigger mites of Moldavia (Acariformes, Trombiculidae). In: Parazity Zhiviotnykh i Rasteniy [Parasites of Animals and Plants]. Vol. 2. Kishinev, pp. 162–167. [In Russian]

Kulagin, S. M., Tarasevich, I. V., Kudryashova, N. I. and Gopachenko, I. M. 1967. On the natural focus of scrub typhus in the south of the Primorie area of the USSR. Acta Medica et Biologica, 15 (suppl): 49–52.

Kulagin, S. M., Tarasevich, I. V., Kudryashova, N. I. and Plotnikova, L. F. 1968. The investigation of scrub typhus in the USSR. Journal of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Microbiology and Immunology, 12: 257–264.

Mirolyubova, L. V., Kudryashova, N. I. and Tarasevich, I. V. 1966. Using the fluorescence-serological method for the detection of natural infection of chigger mites with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii, 43: 36–38. [In Russian]

Povalishina, T. P., Kudryashova, N. I. and Vishnyakov, S. V. 1970. On the fauna of chigger mites and their hosts in several foci of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the European part of the USSR. In: Second Acarological Meeting. Abstracts. Part 2. Kyiv, pp. 82–83. [In Russian]

Schluger, E. G., Hushcha, G. I. and Kudryashova, N. I. 1965. A new species of chiggers of the genus Odontacarus (Acariformes, Leeuwenhoekiidae). In: Parazity i Parazitozy Cheloveka i Zhivotnykh [Parasites and Parasitic Diseases of Man and Animals]. Kyiv, pp. 399–400. [In Russian]

Schluger, E. G. and Kudryashova, N. I. 1967. Chigger mites (Trombiculidae) and Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. In: Biologicheskie Vzaimootnosheniya Krovososushchikh Chlenistonogikh s Vozbuditelyami Bolezney Cheloveka [Biological Interrelationships between Bloodsucking Arthropods and Pathogens of Human Diseases]. Meditsina, Moscow, pp. 143–150. [In Russian]

Schluger, E. G. and Kudryashova, N. I. 1969. New and recorded for the first time in the USSR species of chigger mites (Acariformes, Trombiculidae). Parazitologiya, 3: 115–122. [In Russian]

Shatrov, A. B. and Kudryashova, N. I. 2006. Taxonomy, life cycles and the origin of parasitism in trombiculid mites. In: S. Morand, B. R. Krasnov and R. Poulin (Eds.). Micromammals and Macroparasites. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/9784-431-36025-4_8

Shatrov, A. B. and Kudryashova, N. I. 2008. Taxonomic ranking of major Trombiculid subtaxa with remarks on the evolution of host-parasite relationships (Acariformes: Parasitengona: Trombiculidae). Annales Zoologici, 58: 279–287. https://doi. org/10.3161/000345408X326591

Tarasevich, I. V., Kulagin, S. M., Kudryashova, N. I., Gopachenko, I. M. and Somov, G. P. 1964. A natural focus of the tsutsugamushi fever. Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii i Immunobiologii, 41: 19–24. [In Russian]